Regardless, the state exists wherever a single authority can legitimately authorize violence.
He uses the examples of feudalism, where private warfare was permitted under certain conditions, and of religious courts, which had sole jurisdiction over some types of offenses, especially heresy and sex crimes (thus the nickname "bawdy courts"). He intended the statement as a contemporary observation, noting that the connection between the state and the use of physical force has not always been so close.Weber applied several caveats to this definition: An expanded definition appears in Economy and Society:Ī compulsory political organization with continuous operations will be called a 'state' insofar as its administrative staff successfully upholds a claim to the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force ( das Monopol legitimen physischen Zwanges) in the enforcement of its order. Max Weber wrote in Politics as a Vocation that a fundamental characteristic of statehood is the claim of such a monopoly. Such a monopoly, according to Weber, must occur via a process of legitimation.
However, this monopoly is limited to a certain geographical area, and in fact this limitation to a particular area is one of the things that defines a state." In other words, Weber describes the state as any organization that succeeds in holding the exclusive right to use, threaten, or authorize physical force against residents of its territory. As such, states can resort to coercive means such as incarceration, expropriation, humiliation, and death threats to obtain the population's compliance with its rule and thus maintain order. Weber claims that the state is the "only human Gemeinschaft which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force.
While the monopoly on violence as the defining conception of the state was first described in sociology by Max Weber in his essay Politics as a Vocation (1919), the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force is a core concept of modern public law, which goes back to French jurist and political philosopher Jean Bodin's 1576 work Les Six livres de la République and English philosopher Thomas Hobbes' 1651 book Leviathan. In political philosophy, a monopoly on violence or monopoly on the legal use of force is the property of a polity that is the only entity in its jurisdiction to legitimately use force, and thus the supreme authority of that area. A Guatemalan Policía Nacional Civil officer holding a suspect at gunpoint during a security checkpoint exercise
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